Ant In Loop

Core Topics for Competitive Programming

Sorting Algorithms

Bubble Sort
Selection Sort
Insertion Sort
Merge Sort
Quick Sort
Heap Sort
Counting Sort
Radix Sort
Bucket Sort

Searching Algorithms

Linear Search
Binary Search
Ternary Search

Mathematical Algorithms

GCD / LCM
Sieve of Eratosthenes
Modular Arithmetic
Fermat’s Theorem
Euler’s Totient Function
Fast Exponentiation

Graph Algorithms

Breadth-First Search (BFS)
Depth-First Search (DFS)
Dijkstra’s Algorithm
Bellman-Ford Algorithm
Floyd-Warshall Algorithm
Topological Sort
Union-Find (DSU)
Kruskal’s Algorithm
Prim’s Algorithm
Tarjan’s Algorithm
Kosaraju’s Algorithm
A* Search

Dynamic Programming

0/1 Knapsack
Longest Common Subsequence (LCS)
Longest Increasing Subsequence (LIS)
Matrix Chain Multiplication
DP on Trees
Bitmask DP
Knuth Optimization
Convex Hull Trick
Digit DP

String Algorithms

KMP Algorithm
Z-Algorithm
Rabin-Karp
Suffix Arrays
Aho-Corasick
Rolling Hashes
Manacher’s Algorithm
Edit Distance

Data Structure

Treap

Backtracking

N-Queens Problem
Sudoku Solver
Hamiltonian Path
Subsets/Permutations

Greedy Algorithms

Activity Selection
Huffman Coding
Fractional Knapsack
Interval Scheduling
Job Sequencing

Bit Manipulation

Bit Operations
XOR Tricks
Count Set Bits
Bitmask Subsets

Geometry Algorithms

Convex Hull
Line Intersection
Sweep Line
Point in Polygon
Rotating Calipers

Advanced Techniques

Mo’s Algorithm
Heavy-Light Decomposition
Centroid Decomposition
Persistent Data Structures
Sqrt Decomposition
Monotonic Stack / Queue
Sliding Window
Two Pointers
Two Heaps
Meet in the Middle

Recurrence & Divide and Conquer

Divide & Conquer
Karatsuba Multiplication
Binary Search on Answer
Master Theorem
Strassen’s Matrix Multiplication

Cryptographic Algorithms

RSA
Diffie-Hellman
Hash Functions (MD5, SHA)

Core Problem Solving Skills

Problem Decomposition
Time/Space Complexity
Mathematical Proof Techniques
State Representation
DP vs Greedy Decisions
Modeling with Graphs & Trees

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Master algorithms through tutorials.